Merge pull request #139 from videojs/feature/hlse2

Support segment-level AES-128 encryption

@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ module.exports = function(grunt) {
     connect: {
       dev: {
         options: {
+          hostname: '*',
           port: 9999,
           keepalive: true
         }

@@ -11,3 +11,39 @@ distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 limitations under the License.
+
+The AES decryption implementation in this project is derived from the
+Stanford Javascript Cryptography Library
+(http://bitwiseshiftleft.github.io/sjcl/). That work is covered by the
+following copyright and permission notice:
+
+Copyright 2009-2010 Emily Stark, Mike Hamburg, Dan Boneh.
+All rights reserved.
+
+Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+met:
+
+   1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+      notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+
+   2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+      copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+      disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+      with the distribution.
+
+THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
+OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+
+The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation
+are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing
+official policies, either expressed or implied, of the authors.
\ No newline at end of file

+# Encrypted HTTP Live Streaming
+The [HLS spec](http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pantos-http-live-streaming-13#section-6.2.3) requires segments to be encrypted with AES-128 in CBC mode with PKCS7 padding. You can encrypt data to that specification with a combination of [OpenSSL](https://www.openssl.org/) and the [pkcs7 utility](https://github.com/brightcove/pkcs7). From the command-line:
+
+```sh
+# encrypt the text "hello" into a file
+# since this is for testing, skip the key salting so the output is stable
+# using -nosalt outside of testing is a terrible idea!
+echo -n "hello" | pkcs7 | \
+openssl enc -aes-128-cbc -nopad -nosalt -K $KEY -iv $IV > hello.encrypted
+
+# xxd is a handy way of translating binary into a format easily consumed by
+# javascript
+xxd -i hello.encrypted
+```
+
+Later, you can decrypt it:
+
+```sh
+openssl enc -d -nopad -aes-128-cbc -K $KEY -iv $IV
+```

@@ -28,6 +28,11 @@
   <script src="src/m3u8/m3u8-parser.js"></script>
   <script src="src/playlist-loader.js"></script>
 
+  <script src="node_modules/pkcs7/dist/pkcs7.unpad.js"></script>
+  <script src="src/decrypter.js"></script>
+
+  <script src="src/bin-utils.js"></script>
+  
   <!-- example MPEG2-TS segments -->
   <!-- bipbop -->
   <!-- <script src="test/tsSegment.js"></script> -->
@@ -37,12 +42,14 @@
   <style>
     body {
       font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+      margin: 20px;
     }
     .info {
       background-color: #eee;
       border: thin solid #333;
       border-radius: 3px;
       padding: 0 5px;
+      margin: 20px 0;
     }
   </style>
 

@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@
     "video.js": "^4.7.2"
   },
   "dependencies": {
+    "pkcs7": "^0.2.2",
     "videojs-contrib-media-sources": "^0.3.0"
   }
 }

@@ -4,12 +4,12 @@
       var
         bytes = Array.prototype.slice.call(data),
         step = 16,
-        formatHexString = function(e) {
+        formatHexString = function(e, i) {
           var value = e.toString(16);
-          return "00".substring(0, 2 - value.length) + value;
+          return "00".substring(0, 2 - value.length) + value + (i % 2 ? ' ' : '');
         },
         formatAsciiString = function(e) {
-          if (e > 32 && e < 125) {
+          if (e >= 0x20 && e < 0x7e) {
             return String.fromCharCode(e);
           }
           return '.';
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
         hex,
         ascii;
       for (var j = 0; j < bytes.length / step; j++) {
-        hex = bytes.slice(j * step, j * step + step).map(formatHexString).join(' ');
+        hex = bytes.slice(j * step, j * step + step).map(formatHexString).join('');
         ascii = bytes.slice(j * step, j * step + step).map(formatAsciiString).join('');
         result += hex + ' ' + ascii + '\n';
       }

+/*
+ * videojs-hls
+ *
+ * Copyright (c) 2014 Brightcove
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * This file contains an adaptation of the AES decryption algorithm
+ * from the Standford Javascript Cryptography Library. That work is
+ * covered by the following copyright and permissions notice:
+ *
+ * Copyright 2009-2010 Emily Stark, Mike Hamburg, Dan Boneh.
+ * All rights reserved.
+ *
+ * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
+ * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
+ * met:
+ *
+ * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
+ *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
+ *
+ * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
+ *    copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following
+ *    disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided
+ *    with the distribution.
+ *
+ * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHORS ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
+ * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED
+ * WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE
+ * DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL <COPYRIGHT HOLDER> OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
+ * LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
+ * CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
+ * SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR
+ * BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY,
+ * WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE
+ * OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN
+ * IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
+ *
+ * The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation
+ * are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing
+ * official policies, either expressed or implied, of the authors.
+ */
+(function(window, videojs, unpad) {
+'use strict';
+
+var AES, decrypt;
+
+/**
+ * Schedule out an AES key for both encryption and decryption. This
+ * is a low-level class. Use a cipher mode to do bulk encryption.
+ *
+ * @constructor
+ * @param key {Array} The key as an array of 4, 6 or 8 words.
+ */
+AES = function (key) {
+  this._precompute();
+  
+  var i, j, tmp,
+    encKey, decKey,
+    sbox = this._tables[0][4], decTable = this._tables[1],
+    keyLen = key.length, rcon = 1;
+  
+  if (keyLen !== 4 && keyLen !== 6 && keyLen !== 8) {
+    throw new Error("Invalid aes key size");
+  }
+  
+  encKey = key.slice(0);
+  decKey = [];
+  this._key = [encKey, decKey];
+  
+  // schedule encryption keys
+  for (i = keyLen; i < 4 * keyLen + 28; i++) {
+    tmp = encKey[i-1];
+    
+    // apply sbox
+    if (i%keyLen === 0 || (keyLen === 8 && i%keyLen === 4)) {
+      tmp = sbox[tmp>>>24]<<24 ^ sbox[tmp>>16&255]<<16 ^ sbox[tmp>>8&255]<<8 ^ sbox[tmp&255];
+      
+      // shift rows and add rcon
+      if (i%keyLen === 0) {
+        tmp = tmp<<8 ^ tmp>>>24 ^ rcon<<24;
+        rcon = rcon<<1 ^ (rcon>>7)*283;
+      }
+    }
+    
+    encKey[i] = encKey[i-keyLen] ^ tmp;
+  }
+  
+  // schedule decryption keys
+  for (j = 0; i; j++, i--) {
+    tmp = encKey[j&3 ? i : i - 4];
+    if (i<=4 || j<4) {
+      decKey[j] = tmp;
+    } else {
+      decKey[j] = decTable[0][sbox[tmp>>>24      ]] ^
+                  decTable[1][sbox[tmp>>16  & 255]] ^
+                  decTable[2][sbox[tmp>>8   & 255]] ^
+                  decTable[3][sbox[tmp      & 255]];
+    }
+  }
+};
+
+AES.prototype = {
+  /**
+   * The expanded S-box and inverse S-box tables. These will be computed
+   * on the client so that we don't have to send them down the wire.
+   *
+   * There are two tables, _tables[0] is for encryption and
+   * _tables[1] is for decryption.
+   *
+   * The first 4 sub-tables are the expanded S-box with MixColumns. The
+   * last (_tables[01][4]) is the S-box itself.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  _tables: [[[],[],[],[],[]],[[],[],[],[],[]]],
+
+  /**
+   * Expand the S-box tables.
+   *
+   * @private
+   */
+  _precompute: function () {
+   var encTable = this._tables[0], decTable = this._tables[1],
+       sbox = encTable[4], sboxInv = decTable[4],
+       i, x, xInv, d=[], th=[], x2, x4, x8, s, tEnc, tDec;
+
+    // Compute double and third tables
+   for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) {
+     th[( d[i] = i<<1 ^ (i>>7)*283 )^i]=i;
+   }
+   
+   for (x = xInv = 0; !sbox[x]; x ^= x2 || 1, xInv = th[xInv] || 1) {
+     // Compute sbox
+     s = xInv ^ xInv<<1 ^ xInv<<2 ^ xInv<<3 ^ xInv<<4;
+     s = s>>8 ^ s&255 ^ 99;
+     sbox[x] = s;
+     sboxInv[s] = x;
+     
+     // Compute MixColumns
+     x8 = d[x4 = d[x2 = d[x]]];
+     tDec = x8*0x1010101 ^ x4*0x10001 ^ x2*0x101 ^ x*0x1010100;
+     tEnc = d[s]*0x101 ^ s*0x1010100;
+     
+     for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+       encTable[i][x] = tEnc = tEnc<<24 ^ tEnc>>>8;
+       decTable[i][s] = tDec = tDec<<24 ^ tDec>>>8;
+     }
+   }
+   
+   // Compactify. Considerable speedup on Firefox.
+   for (i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
+     encTable[i] = encTable[i].slice(0);
+     decTable[i] = decTable[i].slice(0);
+   }
+  },
+  
+  /**
+   * Decrypt an array of 4 big-endian words.
+   * @param {Array} data The ciphertext.
+   * @return {Array} The plaintext.
+   */
+  decrypt:function (input) {
+    if (input.length !== 4) {
+      throw new Error("Invalid aes block size");
+    }
+    
+    var key = this._key[1],
+        // state variables a,b,c,d are loaded with pre-whitened data
+        a = input[0]           ^ key[0],
+        b = input[3] ^ key[1],
+        c = input[2]           ^ key[2],
+        d = input[1] ^ key[3],
+        a2, b2, c2,
+        
+        nInnerRounds = key.length/4 - 2,
+        i,
+        kIndex = 4,
+        out = [0,0,0,0],
+        table = this._tables[1],
+        
+        // load up the tables
+        t0    = table[0],
+        t1    = table[1],
+        t2    = table[2],
+        t3    = table[3],
+        sbox  = table[4];
+ 
+    // Inner rounds. Cribbed from OpenSSL.
+    for (i = 0; i < nInnerRounds; i++) {
+      a2 = t0[a>>>24] ^ t1[b>>16 & 255] ^ t2[c>>8 & 255] ^ t3[d & 255] ^ key[kIndex];
+      b2 = t0[b>>>24] ^ t1[c>>16 & 255] ^ t2[d>>8 & 255] ^ t3[a & 255] ^ key[kIndex + 1];
+      c2 = t0[c>>>24] ^ t1[d>>16 & 255] ^ t2[a>>8 & 255] ^ t3[b & 255] ^ key[kIndex + 2];
+      d  = t0[d>>>24] ^ t1[a>>16 & 255] ^ t2[b>>8 & 255] ^ t3[c & 255] ^ key[kIndex + 3];
+      kIndex += 4;
+      a=a2; b=b2; c=c2;
+    }
+        
+    // Last round.
+    for (i = 0; i < 4; i++) {
+      out[3 & -i] =
+        sbox[a>>>24      ]<<24 ^ 
+        sbox[b>>16  & 255]<<16 ^
+        sbox[c>>8   & 255]<<8  ^
+        sbox[d      & 255]     ^
+        key[kIndex++];
+      a2=a; a=b; b=c; c=d; d=a2;
+    }
+    
+    return out;
+  }
+};
+
+decrypt = function(encrypted, key, initVector) {
+  var
+    encryptedView = new DataView(encrypted.buffer),
+    platformEndian = new Uint32Array(encrypted.byteLength / 4),
+    decipher = new AES(Array.prototype.slice.call(key)),
+    decrypted = new Uint8Array(encrypted.byteLength),
+    decryptedView = new DataView(decrypted.buffer),
+    decryptedBlock,
+    word,
+    byte;
+
+  // convert big-endian input to platform byte order for decryption
+  for (byte = 0; byte < encrypted.byteLength; byte += 4) {
+    platformEndian[byte >>> 2] = encryptedView.getUint32(byte);
+  }
+  // decrypt four word sequences, applying cipher-block chaining (CBC)
+  // to each decrypted block
+  for (word = 0; word < platformEndian.length; word += 4) {
+    // decrypt the block
+    decryptedBlock = decipher.decrypt(platformEndian.subarray(word, word + 4));
+
+    // XOR with the IV, and restore network byte-order to obtain the
+    // plaintext
+    byte = word << 2;
+    decryptedView.setUint32(byte, decryptedBlock[0] ^ initVector[0]);
+    decryptedView.setUint32(byte + 4, decryptedBlock[1] ^ initVector[1]);
+    decryptedView.setUint32(byte + 8, decryptedBlock[2] ^ initVector[2]);
+    decryptedView.setUint32(byte + 12, decryptedBlock[3] ^ initVector[3]);
+
+    // setup the IV for the next round
+    initVector = platformEndian.subarray(word, word + 4);
+  }
+
+  // remove any padding
+  return unpad(decrypted);
+};
+
+// exports
+videojs.Hls.decrypt = decrypt;
+
+})(window, window.videojs, window.pkcs7.unpad);

 /**
  * Utilities for parsing M3U8 files. If the entire manifest is available,
- * `Parser` will create a object representation with enough detail for managing
+ * `Parser` will create an object representation with enough detail for managing
  * playback. `ParseStream` and `LineStream` are lower-level parsing primitives
  * that do not assume the entirety of the manifest is ready and expose a
  * ReadableStream-like interface.
@@ -8,27 +8,41 @@
 (function(videojs, parseInt, isFinite, mergeOptions, undefined) {
   var
     noop = function() {},
+
+    // "forgiving" attribute list psuedo-grammar:
+    // attributes -> keyvalue (',' keyvalue)*
+    // keyvalue   -> key '=' value
+    // key        -> [^=]*
+    // value      -> '"' [^"]* '"' | [^,]*
+    attributeSeparator = (function() {
+      var
+        key = '[^=]*',
+        value = '"[^"]*"|[^,]*',
+        keyvalue = '(?:' + key + ')=(?:' + value + ')';
+
+      return new RegExp('(?:^|,)(' + keyvalue + ')');
+    })(),
     parseAttributes = function(attributes) {
       var
-        attrs = attributes.split(','),
+        // split the string using attributes as the separator
+        attrs = attributes.split(attributeSeparator),
         i = attrs.length,
         result = {},
         attr;
 
       while (i--) {
-        attr = attrs[i].split('=');
-        attr[0] = attr[0].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
+        // filter out unmatched portions of the string
+        if (attrs[i] === '') {
+          continue;
+        }
 
-        // This is not sexy, but gives us the resulting object we want.
-        if (attr[1]) {
+        // split the key and value
+        attr = /([^=]*)=(.*)/.exec(attrs[i]).slice(1);
+        // trim whitespace and remove optional quotes around the value
+        attr[0] = attr[0].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
         attr[1] = attr[1].replace(/^\s+|\s+$/g, '');
-          if (attr[1].indexOf('"') !== -1) {
-            attr[1] = attr[1].split('"')[1];
-          }
+        attr[1] = attr[1].replace(/^['"](.*)['"]$/g, '$1');
         result[attr[0]] = attr[1];
-        } else {
-          attrs[i - 1] = attrs[i - 1] + ',' + attr[0];
-        }
       }
       return result;
     },
@@ -281,6 +295,27 @@
       });
       return;
     }
+    match = (/^#EXT-X-KEY:?(.*)$/).exec(line);
+    if (match) {
+      event = {
+        type: 'tag',
+        tagType: 'key'
+      };
+      if (match[1]) {
+        event.attributes = parseAttributes(match[1]);
+        // parse the IV string into a Uint32Array
+        if (event.attributes.IV) {
+          event.attributes.IV = event.attributes.IV.match(/.{8}/g);
+          event.attributes.IV[0] = parseInt(event.attributes.IV[0], 16);
+          event.attributes.IV[1] = parseInt(event.attributes.IV[1], 16);
+          event.attributes.IV[2] = parseInt(event.attributes.IV[2], 16);
+          event.attributes.IV[3] = parseInt(event.attributes.IV[3], 16);
+          event.attributes.IV = new Uint32Array(event.attributes.IV);
+        }
+      }
+      this.trigger('data', event);
+      return;
+    }
 
     // unknown tag type
     this.trigger('data', {
@@ -311,7 +346,8 @@
     var
       self = this,
       uris = [],
-      currentUri = {};
+      currentUri = {},
+      key;
     Parser.prototype.init.call(this);
 
     this.lineStream = new LineStream();
@@ -373,6 +409,36 @@
               this.manifest.segments = uris;
 
             },
+            'key': function() {
+              if (!entry.attributes) {
+                this.trigger('warn', {
+                  message: 'ignoring key declaration without attribute list'
+                });
+                return;
+              }
+              // clear the active encryption key
+              if (entry.attributes.METHOD === 'NONE') {
+                key = null;
+                return;
+              }
+              if (!entry.attributes.URI) {
+                this.trigger('warn', {
+                  message: 'ignoring key declaration without URI'
+                });
+                return;
+              }
+              if (!entry.attributes.METHOD) {
+                this.trigger('warn', {
+                  message: 'defaulting key method to AES-128'
+                });
+              }
+
+              // setup an encryption key for upcoming segments
+              key = {
+                method: entry.attributes.METHOD || 'AES-128',
+                uri: entry.attributes.URI
+              };
+            },
             'media-sequence': function() {
               if (!isFinite(entry.number)) {
                 this.trigger('warn', {
@@ -442,6 +508,10 @@
             });
             currentUri.duration = this.manifest.targetDuration;
           }
+          // annotate with encryption information, if necessary
+          if (key) {
+            currentUri.key = key;
+          }
 
           // prepare for the next URI
           currentUri = {};

@@ -12,8 +12,15 @@ var
   // a fudge factor to apply to advertised playlist bitrates to account for
   // temporary flucations in client bandwidth
   bandwidthVariance = 1.1,
+  keyXhr,
+  keyFailed,
   resolveUrl;
 
+// returns true if a key has failed to download within a certain amount of retries
+keyFailed = function(key) {
+  return key.retries && key.retries >= 2;
+};
+
 videojs.Hls = videojs.Flash.extend({
   init: function(player, options, ready) {
     var
@@ -116,11 +123,20 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.handleSourceOpen = function() {
     this.updateDuration(this.playlists.media());
     this.mediaIndex = videojs.Hls.translateMediaIndex(this.mediaIndex, oldMediaPlaylist, updatedPlaylist);
     oldMediaPlaylist = updatedPlaylist;
+
+    this.fetchKeys(updatedPlaylist, this.mediaIndex);
   }));
 
-  this.playlists.on('mediachange', function() {
+  this.playlists.on('mediachange', videojs.bind(this, function() {
+    // abort outstanding key requests and check if new keys need to be retrieved
+    if (keyXhr) {
+      keyXhr.abort();
+      keyXhr = null;
+      this.fetchKeys(this.playlists.media(), this.mediaIndex);
+    }
+
     player.trigger('mediachange');
-  });
+  }));
 
   // if autoplay is enabled, begin playback. This is duplicative of
   // code in video.js but is required because play() must be invoked
@@ -175,6 +191,14 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.setCurrentTime = function(currentTime) {
     this.segmentXhr_.abort();
   }
 
+  // fetch new encryption keys, if necessary
+  if (keyXhr) {
+    keyXhr.aborted = true;
+    keyXhr.abort();
+    keyXhr = null;
+    this.fetchKeys(this.playlists.media(), this.mediaIndex);
+  }
+
   // clear out any buffered segments
   this.segmentBuffer_ = [];
 
@@ -212,6 +236,11 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.dispose = function() {
     this.segmentXhr_.onreadystatechange = null;
     this.segmentXhr_.abort();
   }
+  if (keyXhr) {
+    keyXhr.onreadystatechange = null;
+    keyXhr.abort();
+    keyXhr = null;
+  }
   if (this.playlists) {
     this.playlists.dispose();
   }
@@ -357,8 +386,6 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.loadSegment = function(segmentUri, offset) {
     responseType: 'arraybuffer',
     withCredentials: settings.withCredentials
   }, function(error, url) {
-    var tags;
-
     // the segment request is no longer outstanding
     tech.segmentXhr_ = null;
 
@@ -390,23 +417,15 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.loadSegment = function(segmentUri, offset) {
     tech.bandwidth = (this.response.byteLength / tech.segmentXhrTime) * 8 * 1000;
     tech.bytesReceived += this.response.byteLength;
 
-    // transmux the segment data from MP2T to FLV
-    tech.segmentParser_.parseSegmentBinaryData(new Uint8Array(this.response));
-    tech.segmentParser_.flushTags();
-
     // package up all the work to append the segment
     // if the segment is the start of a timestamp discontinuity,
     // we have to wait until the sourcebuffer is empty before
     // aborting the source buffer processing
-    tags = [];
-    while (tech.segmentParser_.tagsAvailable()) {
-      tags.push(tech.segmentParser_.getNextTag());
-    }
     tech.segmentBuffer_.push({
       mediaIndex: tech.mediaIndex,
       playlist: tech.playlists.media(),
       offset: offset,
-      tags: tags
+      bytes: new Uint8Array(this.response)
     });
     tech.drainBuffer();
 
@@ -425,6 +444,7 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.drainBuffer = function(event) {
     playlist,
     offset,
     tags,
+    bytes,
     segment,
 
     ptsTime,
@@ -438,9 +458,28 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.drainBuffer = function(event) {
   mediaIndex = segmentBuffer[0].mediaIndex;
   playlist = segmentBuffer[0].playlist;
   offset = segmentBuffer[0].offset;
-  tags = segmentBuffer[0].tags;
+  bytes = segmentBuffer[0].bytes;
   segment = playlist.segments[mediaIndex];
 
+  if (segment.key) {
+    // this is an encrypted segment
+    // if the key download failed, we want to skip this segment
+    // but if the key hasn't downloaded yet, we want to try again later
+    if (keyFailed(segment.key)) {
+      return segmentBuffer.shift();
+    } else if (!segment.key.bytes) {
+      return;
+    } else {
+      // if the media sequence is greater than 2^32, the IV will be incorrect
+      // assuming 10s segments, that would be about 1300 years
+      bytes = videojs.Hls.decrypt(bytes,
+                                  segment.key.bytes,
+                                  new Uint32Array([
+                                    0, 0, 0,
+                                    mediaIndex + playlist.mediaSequence]));
+    }
+  }
+
   event = event || {};
   segmentOffset = videojs.Hls.getPlaylistDuration(playlist, 0, mediaIndex) * 1000;
 
@@ -456,6 +495,15 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.drainBuffer = function(event) {
     this.el().vjs_setProperty('currentTime', segmentOffset * 0.001);
   }
 
+  // transmux the segment data from MP2T to FLV
+  this.segmentParser_.parseSegmentBinaryData(bytes);
+  this.segmentParser_.flushTags();
+
+  tags = [];
+  while (this.segmentParser_.tagsAvailable()) {
+    tags.push(this.segmentParser_.getNextTag());
+  }
+
   // if we're refilling the buffer after a seek, scan through the muxed
   // FLV tags until we find the one that is closest to the desired
   // playback time
@@ -492,6 +540,53 @@ videojs.Hls.prototype.drainBuffer = function(event) {
   }
 };
 
+videojs.Hls.prototype.fetchKeys = function(playlist, index) {
+  var i, key, tech, player, settings, view;
+
+  // if there is a pending XHR or no segments, don't do anything
+  if (keyXhr || !playlist.segments) {
+    return;
+  }
+
+  tech = this;
+  player = this.player();
+  settings = player.options().hls || {};
+
+  // jshint -W083
+  for (i = index; i < playlist.segments.length; i++) {
+    key = playlist.segments[i].key;
+    if (key && !key.bytes && !keyFailed(key)) {
+      keyXhr = videojs.Hls.xhr({
+        url: resolveUrl(playlist.uri, key.uri),
+        responseType: 'arraybuffer',
+        withCredentials: settings.withCredentials
+      }, function(err, url) {
+        keyXhr = null;
+
+        if (err || !this.response || this.response.byteLength !== 16) {
+          key.retries = key.retries || 0;
+          key.retries++;
+          if (!this.aborted) {
+            tech.fetchKeys(playlist, i);
+          }
+          return;
+        }
+
+        view = new DataView(this.response);
+        key.bytes = new Uint32Array([
+          view.getUint32(0),
+          view.getUint32(4),
+          view.getUint32(8),
+          view.getUint32(12)
+        ]);
+        tech.fetchKeys(playlist, i++, url);
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  // jshint +W083
+};
+
 /**
  * Whether the browser has built-in HLS support.
  */

+(function(window, videojs, undefined) {
+  'use strict';
+  /*
+    ======== A Handy Little QUnit Reference ========
+    http://api.qunitjs.com/
+
+    Test methods:
+    module(name, {[setup][ ,teardown]})
+    test(name, callback)
+    expect(numberOfAssertions)
+    stop(increment)
+    start(decrement)
+    Test assertions:
+    ok(value, [message])
+    equal(actual, expected, [message])
+    notEqual(actual, expected, [message])
+    deepEqual(actual, expected, [message])
+    notDeepEqual(actual, expected, [message])
+    strictEqual(actual, expected, [message])
+    notStrictEqual(actual, expected, [message])
+    throws(block, [expected], [message])
+  */
+
+// see docs/hlse.md for instructions on how test data was generated
+
+var stringFromBytes = function(bytes) {
+  var result = '', i;
+
+  for (i = 0; i < bytes.length; i++) {
+    result += String.fromCharCode(bytes[i]);
+  }
+  return result;
+};
+
+module('Decryption');
+
+test('decrypts a single AES-128 with PKCS7 block', function() {
+  var
+    key =  new Uint32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+    initVector = key,
+    // the string "howdy folks" encrypted
+    encrypted = new Uint8Array([
+      0xce, 0x90, 0x97, 0xd0,
+      0x08, 0x46, 0x4d, 0x18,
+      0x4f, 0xae, 0x01, 0x1c,
+      0x82, 0xa8, 0xf0, 0x67]);
+
+  deepEqual('howdy folks',
+            stringFromBytes(videojs.Hls.decrypt(encrypted, key, initVector)),
+            'decrypted with a byte array key');
+});
+
+test('decrypts multiple AES-128 blocks with CBC', function() {
+  var
+    key = new Uint32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]),
+    initVector = key,
+    // the string "0123456789abcdef01234" encrypted
+    encrypted = new Uint8Array([
+      0x14, 0xf5, 0xfe, 0x74,
+      0x69, 0x66, 0xf2, 0x92,
+      0x65, 0x1c, 0x22, 0x88,
+      0xbb, 0xff, 0x46, 0x09,
+
+      0x0b, 0xde, 0x5e, 0x71,
+      0x77, 0x87, 0xeb, 0x84,
+      0xa9, 0x54, 0xc2, 0x45,
+      0xe9, 0x4e, 0x29, 0xb3
+    ]);
+
+  deepEqual('0123456789abcdef01234',
+            stringFromBytes(videojs.Hls.decrypt(encrypted, key, initVector)),
+            'decrypted multiple blocks');
+});
+
+})(window, window.videojs);

@@ -77,6 +77,7 @@ module.exports = function(config) {
       '../node_modules/sinon/lib/sinon/util/fake_timers.js',
       '../node_modules/video.js/dist/video-js/video.js',
       '../node_modules/videojs-contrib-media-sources/src/videojs-media-sources.js',
+      '../node_modules/pkcs7/dist/pkcs7.unpad.js',
       '../test/karma-qunit-shim.js',
       '../src/videojs-hls.js',
       '../src/xhr.js',
@@ -88,6 +89,7 @@ module.exports = function(config) {
       '../src/stream.js',
       '../src/m3u8/m3u8-parser.js',
       '../src/playlist-loader.js',
+      '../src/decrypter.js',
       '../tmp/manifests.js',
       '../tmp/expected.js',
       'tsSegment-bc.js',

@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@ module.exports = function(config) {
       '../node_modules/sinon/lib/sinon/util/fake_timers.js',
       '../node_modules/video.js/dist/video-js/video.js',
       '../node_modules/videojs-contrib-media-sources/src/videojs-media-sources.js',
+      '../node_modules/pkcs7/dist/pkcs7.unpad.js',
       '../test/karma-qunit-shim.js',
       '../src/videojs-hls.js',
       '../src/xhr.js',
@@ -52,6 +53,7 @@ module.exports = function(config) {
       '../src/stream.js',
       '../src/m3u8/m3u8-parser.js',
       '../src/playlist-loader.js',
+      '../src/decrypter.js',
       '../tmp/manifests.js',
       '../tmp/expected.js',
       'tsSegment-bc.js',

@@ -512,6 +512,94 @@
     strictEqual(element.tagType, 'endlist', 'the tag type is stream-inf');
   });
 
+  // #EXT-X-KEY
+  test('parses valid #EXT-X-KEY tags', function() {
+    var
+      manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n',
+      element;
+    parseStream.on('data', function(elem) {
+      element = elem;
+    });
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+
+    ok(element, 'an event was triggered');
+    deepEqual(element, {
+      type: 'tag',
+      tagType: 'key',
+      attributes: {
+        METHOD: 'AES-128',
+        URI: 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+      }
+    }, 'parsed a valid key');
+
+    manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:URI="https://example.com/key#1",METHOD=FutureType-1024\n';
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+    ok(element, 'an event was triggered');
+    deepEqual(element, {
+      type: 'tag',
+      tagType: 'key',
+      attributes: {
+        METHOD: 'FutureType-1024',
+        URI: 'https://example.com/key#1'
+      }
+    }, 'parsed the attribute list independent of order');
+
+    manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:IV=1234567890abcdef1234567890abcdef\n';
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+    ok(element.attributes.IV, 'detected an IV attribute');
+    deepEqual(element.attributes.IV, new Uint32Array([
+      0x12345678,
+      0x90abcdef,
+      0x12345678,
+      0x90abcdef
+    ]), 'parsed an IV value');
+  });
+
+  test('parses minimal #EXT-X-KEY tags', function() {
+    var
+      manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:\n',
+      element;
+    parseStream.on('data', function(elem) {
+      element = elem;
+    });
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+
+    ok(element, 'an event was triggered');
+    deepEqual(element, {
+      type: 'tag',
+      tagType: 'key'
+    }, 'parsed a minimal key tag');
+  });
+
+  test('parses lightly-broken #EXT-X-KEY tags', function() {
+    var
+      manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:URI=\'https://example.com/single-quote\',METHOD=AES-128\n',
+      element;
+    parseStream.on('data', function(elem) {
+      element = elem;
+    });
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+
+    strictEqual(element.attributes.URI,
+                'https://example.com/single-quote',
+                'parsed a single-quoted uri');
+
+    element = null;
+    manifest = '#EXT-X-KEYURI="https://example.com/key",METHOD=AES-128\n';
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+    strictEqual(element.tagType, 'key', 'parsed the tag type');
+    strictEqual(element.attributes.URI,
+                'https://example.com/key',
+                'inferred a colon after the tag type');
+
+    element = null;
+    manifest = '#EXT-X-KEY:  URI =  "https://example.com/key",METHOD=AES-128\n';
+    lineStream.push(manifest);
+    strictEqual(element.attributes.URI,
+                'https://example.com/key',
+                'trims and removes quotes around the URI');
+  });
+
   test('ignores empty lines', function() {
     var
       manifest = '\n',

+{
+  "allowCache": true,
+  "mediaSequence": 7794,
+  "segments": [
+    {
+      "duration": 2.833,
+      "key": {
+        "method": "AES-128",
+        "uri": "https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"
+      },
+      "uri": "http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts"
+    },
+    {
+      "duration": 15,
+      "key": {
+        "method": "AES-128",
+        "uri": "https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"
+      },
+      "uri": "http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts"
+    },
+    {
+      "duration": 13.333,
+      "key": {
+        "method": "AES-128",
+        "uri": "https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"
+      },
+      "uri": "http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-C.ts"
+    },
+    {
+      "duration": 15,
+      "key": {
+        "method": "AES-128",
+        "uri": "https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53"
+      },
+      "uri": "http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-A.ts"
+    },
+    {
+      "duration": 15,
+      "uri": "http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts"
+    }
+  ],
+  "targetDuration": 15
+}

+#EXTM3U
+#EXT-X-VERSION:3
+#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:7794
+#EXT-X-TARGETDURATION:15
+
+#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"
+
+#EXTINF:2.833,
+http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts
+#EXTINF:15.0,
+http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts
+#EXTINF:13.333,
+http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-C.ts
+
+#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53"
+
+#EXTINF:15.0,
+http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-A.ts
+
+#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=NONE
+
+#EXTINF:15.0,
+http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts
\ No newline at end of file

@@ -43,11 +43,21 @@
         <section>
           <h2>Inputs</h2>
           <form id="inputs">
+            <fieldset>
               <label>
                 Your original MP2T segment:
                 <input type="file" id="original">
               </label>
               <label>
+                Key (optional):
+                <input type="text" id="key">
+              </label>
+              <label>
+                IV (optional):
+                <input type="text" id="iv">
+              </label>
+            </fieldset>
+            <label>
               A working, FLV version of the underlying stream
               produced by another tool:
               <input type="file" id="working">
@@ -105,11 +115,15 @@
   <script src="../../src/h264-stream.js"></script>
   <script src="../../src/aac-stream.js"></script>
   <script src="../../src/segment-parser.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../node_modules/pkcs7/dist/pkcs7.unpad.js"></script>
+  <script src="../../src/decrypter.js"></script>
   
   <script src="../../src/bin-utils.js"></script>
   <script>
     var inputs = document.getElementById('inputs'),
         original = document.getElementById('original'),
+        key = document.getElementById('key'),
+        iv = document.getElementById('iv'),
         working = document.getElementById('working'),
 
         vjsTags = document.querySelector('.vjs-tags'),
@@ -132,6 +146,7 @@
         var parser = new videojs.Hls.SegmentParser(),
             tags = [parser.getFlvHeader()],
             tag,
+            bytes,
             hex,
             li,
             byteLength = 0,
@@ -142,7 +157,20 @@
         // clear old tag info
         vjsTags.innerHTML = '';
 
-        parser.parseSegmentBinaryData(new Uint8Array(reader.result));
+        // optionally, decrypt the segment
+        if (key.value && iv.value) {
+          bytes = videojs.Hls.decrypt(new Uint8Array(reader.result),
+                                      key.value.match(/([0-9a-f]{8})/gi).map(function(e) {
+                                        return parseInt(e, 16);
+                                      }),
+                                      iv.value.match(/([0-9a-f]{8})/gi).map(function(e) {
+                                        return parseInt(e, 16);
+                                      }));
+        } else {
+          bytes = new Uint8Array(reader.result);
+        }
+
+        parser.parseSegmentBinaryData(bytes);
 
         // collect all the tags
         while (parser.tagsAvailable()) {

@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@
   <script src="../src/stream.js"></script>
   <script src="../src/m3u8/m3u8-parser.js"></script>
   <script src="../src/playlist-loader.js"></script>
+  <script src="../node_modules/pkcs7/dist/pkcs7.unpad.js"></script>
+  <script src="../src/decrypter.js"></script>
   <!-- M3U8 TEST DATA -->
   <script src="../tmp/manifests.js"></script>
   <script src="../tmp/expected.js"></script>
@@ -55,6 +57,7 @@
   <script src="flv-tag_test.js"></script>
   <script src="m3u8_test.js"></script>
   <script src="playlist-loader_test.js"></script>
+  <script src="decrypter_test.js"></script>
 </head>
 <body>
   <div id="qunit"></div>

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ var
   oldSourceBuffer,
   oldFlashSupported,
   oldNativeHlsSupport,
+  oldDecrypt,
   requests,
   xhr,
 
@@ -135,6 +136,11 @@ module('HLS', {
 
     oldNativeHlsSupport = videojs.Hls.supportsNativeHls;
 
+    oldDecrypt = videojs.Hls.decrypt;
+    videojs.Hls.decrypt = function() {
+      return new Uint8Array([0]);
+    };
+
     // fake XHRs
     xhr = sinon.useFakeXMLHttpRequest();
     requests = [];
@@ -152,6 +158,7 @@ module('HLS', {
     videojs.MediaSource.open = oldMediaSourceOpen;
     videojs.Hls.SegmentParser = oldSegmentParser;
     videojs.Hls.supportsNativeHls = oldNativeHlsSupport;
+    videojs.Hls.decrypt = oldDecrypt;
     videojs.SourceBuffer = oldSourceBuffer;
     window.setTimeout = oldSetTimeout;
     xhr.restore();
@@ -1276,4 +1283,449 @@ test('calling play() at the end of a video resets the media index', function() {
   strictEqual(player.hls.mediaIndex, 0, 'index is 1 after the first segment');
 });
 
+test('calling fetchKeys() when a new playlist is loaded will create an XHR', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+
+  player.hls.playlists.trigger('loadedplaylist');
+  strictEqual(requests.length, 2, 'a key XHR is created');
+  strictEqual(requests[1].url, player.hls.playlists.media().segments[0].key.uri, 'a key XHR is created with correct uri');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('a new keys XHR is created when a previous key XHR finishes', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+  // we're inject the media playlist, so drop the request
+  requests.shift();
+
+  player.hls.playlists.trigger('loadedplaylist');
+  // key response
+  requests[0].response = new Uint32Array([0, 0, 0, 0]).buffer;
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null, '');
+  strictEqual(requests.length, 1, 'a key XHR is created');
+  strictEqual(requests[0].url, player.hls.playlists.media().segments[1].key.uri, 'a key XHR is created with the correct uri');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('calling fetchKeys() when a seek happens will create an XHR', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        duration: 10,
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        duration: 10,
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+
+  player.hls.fetchKeys(player.hls.playlists.media(), 0);
+  player.currentTime(11);
+  ok(requests[1].aborted, 'the key XHR should be aborted');
+  equal(requests.length, 3, 'we should get a new key XHR');
+  equal(requests[2].url, player.hls.playlists.media().segments[1].key.uri, 'urls should match');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('calling fetchKeys() when a key XHR is in progress will *not* create an XHR', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+
+  strictEqual(requests.length, 1, 'no key XHR created for the player');
+  player.hls.playlists.trigger('loadedplaylist');
+  player.hls.fetchKeys(player.hls.playlists.media(), 0);
+  strictEqual(requests.length, 2, 'only the original XHR is available');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('calling fetchKeys() when all keys are fetched, will *not* create an XHR', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52',
+          bytes: new Uint8Array([1])
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53',
+          bytes: new Uint8Array([1])
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+
+  player.hls.fetchKeys(player.hls.playlists.media(), 0);
+  strictEqual(requests.length, 1, 'no XHR for keys created since they were all downloaded');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('retries key requests once upon failure', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  var oldMedia = player.hls.playlists.media;
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return {
+      segments: [{
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts'
+      }, {
+        key: {
+          'method': 'AES-128',
+          'uri': 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53'
+        },
+        uri: 'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-B.ts'
+      }]
+    };
+  };
+
+  player.hls.fetchKeys(player.hls.playlists.media(), 0);
+
+  requests[1].respond(404);
+  equal(requests.length, 3, 'create a new XHR for the same key');
+  equal(requests[2].url, requests[1].url, 'should be the same key');
+
+  requests[2].respond(404);
+  equal(requests.length, 4, 'create a new XHR for the same key');
+  notEqual(requests[3].url, requests[2].url, 'should be the same key');
+  equal(requests[3].url, player.hls.playlists.media().segments[1].key.uri);
+
+  player.hls.playlists.media = oldMedia;
+});
+
+test('skip segments if key requests fail more than once', function() {
+  var bytes = [],
+      tags = [{ pats: 0, bytes: 0 }];
+
+  videojs.Hls.SegmentParser = mockSegmentParser(tags);
+  window.videojs.SourceBuffer = function() {
+    this.appendBuffer = function(chunk) {
+      bytes.push(chunk);
+    };
+    this.abort = function() {};
+  };
+
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  requests.pop().respond(200, null,
+                         '#EXTM3U\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="htts://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="htts://priv.example.com/key.php?r=53"\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:15.0,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence53-A.ts\n');
+
+  player.hls.playlists.trigger('loadedplaylist');
+
+  player.trigger('timeupdate');
+
+  // respond to ts segment
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.pop());
+  // fail key
+  requests.pop().respond(404);
+  // fail key, again
+  requests.pop().respond(404);
+
+  // key for second segment
+  requests[0].response = new Uint32Array([0,0,0,0]).buffer;
+  requests[0].respond(200, null, '');
+  requests.shift();
+
+  equal(bytes.length, 1, 'bytes from the ts segments should not be added');
+
+  player.trigger('timeupdate');
+
+  tags.length = 0;
+  tags.push({pts: 0, bytes: 1});
+
+  // second segment
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.pop());
+
+  equal(bytes.length, 2, 'bytes from the second ts segment should be added');
+  equal(bytes[1], 1, 'the bytes from the second segment are added and not the first');
+});
+
+test('the key is supplied to the decrypter in the correct format', function() {
+  var keys = [];
+
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  requests.pop().respond(200, null,
+                         '#EXTM3U\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:5\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="htts://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:15.0,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts\n');
+
+
+  videojs.Hls.decrypt = function(bytes, key) {
+    keys.push(key);
+    return new Uint8Array([0]);
+  };
+
+  requests[0].response = new Uint32Array([0,1,2,3]).buffer;
+  requests[0].respond(200, null, '');
+  requests.shift();
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.pop());
+
+  equal(keys.length, 1, 'only one call to decrypt was made');
+  deepEqual(keys[0],
+            new Uint32Array([0, 0x01000000, 0x02000000, 0x03000000]),
+            'passed the specified segment key');
+
+});
+test('supplies the media sequence of current segment as the IV by default, if no IV is specified', function() {
+  var ivs = [];
+
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/encrypted-media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  requests.pop().respond(200, null,
+                         '#EXTM3U\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:5\n' +
+                         '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="htts://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n' +
+                         '#EXTINF:15.0,\n' +
+                         'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts\n');
+
+
+  videojs.Hls.decrypt = function(bytes, key, iv) {
+    ivs.push(iv);
+    return new Uint8Array([0]);
+  };
+
+  requests[0].response = new Uint32Array([0,0,0,0]).buffer;
+  requests[0].respond(200, null, '');
+  requests.shift();
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.pop());
+
+  equal(ivs.length, 1, 'only one call to decrypt was made');
+  deepEqual(ivs[0],
+        new Uint32Array([0, 0, 0, 5]),
+        'the IV for the segment is the media sequence');
+});
+
+test('switching playlists with an outstanding key request does not stall playback', function() {
+  var media = '#EXTM3U\n' +
+    '#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:5\n' +
+    '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n' +
+    '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+    'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n' +
+    '#EXTINF:15.0,\n' +
+    'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts\n';
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/master.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  // master playlist
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.shift());
+  // media playlist
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null, media);
+  // mock out media switching from this point on
+  player.hls.playlists.media = function() {
+    return player.hls.playlists.master.playlists[0];
+  };
+  // don't respond to the initial key request
+  requests.shift();
+  // first segment of the original media playlist
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.shift());
+
+  // "switch" media
+  player.hls.playlists.trigger('mediachange');
+
+  player.trigger('timeupdate');
+
+  ok(requests.length, 'made a request');
+  equal(requests[0].url,
+        'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52',
+        'requested the segment and key');
+});
+
+test('resovles relative key URLs against the playlist', function() {
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null,
+                           '#EXTM3U\n' +
+                           '#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:5\n' +
+                           '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="key.php?r=52"\n' +
+                           '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+                           'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n');
+  equal(requests[0].url, 'https://example.com/key.php?r=52', 'resolves the key URL');
+});
+
+test('treats invalid keys as a key request failure', function() {
+  var tags = [{ pts: 0, bytes: 0 }], bytes = [];
+  videojs.Hls.SegmentParser = mockSegmentParser(tags);
+  window.videojs.SourceBuffer = function() {
+    this.appendBuffer = function(chunk) {
+      bytes.push(chunk);
+    };
+  };
+  player.src({
+    src: 'https://example.com/media.m3u8',
+    type: 'application/vnd.apple.mpegurl'
+  });
+  openMediaSource(player);
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null,
+                           '#EXTM3U\n' +
+                           '#EXT-X-MEDIA-SEQUENCE:5\n' +
+                           '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=AES-128,URI="https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52"\n' +
+                           '#EXTINF:2.833,\n' +
+                           'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-A.ts\n' +
+                           '#EXT-X-KEY:METHOD=NONE\n' +
+                           '#EXTINF:15.0,\n' +
+                           'http://media.example.com/fileSequence52-B.ts\n');
+  // keys should be 16 bytes long
+  requests[0].response = new Uint8Array(1).buffer;
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null, '');
+  // segment request
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.shift());
+
+  equal(requests[0].url, 'https://priv.example.com/key.php?r=52', 'retries the key');
+
+  // the retried response is invalid, too
+  requests[0].response = new Uint8Array(1);
+  requests.shift().respond(200, null, '');
+
+  // the first segment should be dropped and playback moves on
+  player.trigger('timeupdate');
+  equal(bytes.length, 1, 'did not append bytes');
+  equal(bytes[0], 'flv', 'appended the flv header');
+
+  tags.length = 0;
+  tags.push({ pts: 1, bytes: 1 });
+  // second segment request
+  standardXHRResponse(requests.shift());
+
+  equal(bytes.length, 2, 'appended bytes');
+  equal(1, bytes[1], 'skipped to the second segment');
+});
+
 })(window, window.videojs);